As a seasoned hunter and outdoor writer with over a decade of experience, I’ve spent countless hours pursuing coyotes across the American West. One of the most versatile and effective methods I’ve found is shotgun hunting coyotes. This isn’t just about having a boomstick; it’s about understanding the nuances of coyote behavior, selecting the best coyote shotgun, and mastering the art of the quick, ethical shot. This guide will cover everything from choosing the right gauge and load – including discussions around #4 shot for coyote – to understanding effective coyote gun range and legal considerations. We'll dive deep into hunting coyotes with a shotgun, ensuring you're prepared for a successful and responsible hunt.
While rifles are often the go-to choice for many predators, shotguns offer distinct advantages, particularly for those new to predator hunting or hunting in areas with varying terrain and potential for closer shots. Here’s why I often recommend a shotgun for shotgun coyote hunting:
However, it’s important to acknowledge the limitations. Shotguns generally have a shorter effective range than rifles, requiring hunters to be proficient in judging distance and making quick, accurate shots. We’ll address coyote gun range specifically later in this article.
Not all shotguns are created equal when it comes to hunting coyotes with a shotgun. Here’s a breakdown of the best options:
The most popular gauges for coyote hunting are 12-gauge and 20-gauge. Here’s a comparison:
| Gauge | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|
| 12-Gauge | Greater payload capacity, more available ammunition options, heavier hitting. | More recoil, can be intimidating for new shooters. |
| 20-Gauge | Less recoil, lighter weight, still effective with proper loads. | Lower payload capacity, fewer ammunition choices. |
I personally prefer a 12-gauge for its versatility and stopping power, but a 20-gauge is an excellent choice for smaller-framed hunters or those sensitive to recoil. Regardless of the gauge, a semi-automatic or pump-action shotgun is ideal for quick follow-up shots.
A shorter barrel (around 20-26 inches) provides greater maneuverability in brushy areas. Choke selection is critical. An improved cylinder or modified choke is generally recommended for coyote hunting, providing a wider pattern at closer ranges. Avoid tight chokes, as they can create a sparse pattern and reduce your effective range. Remington's guide to shotgun chokes provides a great overview.
Choosing the right ammunition is just as important as selecting the right shotgun. The debate over #4 shot for coyote versus other shot sizes is ongoing. Here’s my take:
I’ve had excellent results with #4 shot, especially when hunting in areas with dense cover. However, I always carry a variety of loads to adapt to different hunting scenarios. Consider using non-toxic shot (steel, bismuth, or tungsten) if hunting in areas where it’s required by law. The National Park Service provides information on hunting regulations, including non-toxic shot requirements.
2 ¾ inch and 3 ½ inch shells are both viable options. 3 ½ inch shells offer a larger payload, increasing your effective range and stopping power, but also generate more recoil. Load weight should be at least 1 ¼ ounces for consistent performance.
This is where many hunters fall short. While a shotgun can technically shoot further, the effective coyote gun range is significantly less than that of a rifle. Here’s a realistic assessment:
Beyond 50 yards, the pattern becomes too sparse to reliably deliver a humane harvest. Knowing your shotgun’s pattern at various distances is crucial. Pattern your shotgun at a shooting range to determine its effective range with different loads and chokes. REI’s expert advice on shotgun patterning is a valuable resource.
Successful shotgun hunting coyotes requires more than just a good gun and ammunition. Here are some effective techniques:
Regardless of the technique, always prioritize safety and ethical hunting practices. Be aware of your surroundings, identify your target before shooting, and make every effort to ensure a clean, quick kill.
Before heading out, familiarize yourself with your state’s hunting regulations regarding coyote hunting. This includes licensing requirements, legal shooting hours, and any restrictions on the use of electronic calls or bait. The USDA Forest Service provides information on hunting regulations on National Forest lands.
Ethical hunting is paramount. Respect the animal, the land, and other hunters. Practice Leave No Trace principles (leavenotrace.org) and always retrieve your downed game.
Remember, shotgun hunting coyotes is a rewarding experience when done responsibly and ethically. By understanding the nuances of this method, selecting the right equipment, and practicing diligently, you can increase your chances of success and contribute to responsible wildlife management.
Disclaimer: Hunting regulations vary by state and are subject to change. Always consult your state’s wildlife agency for the most up-to-date information.