As a seasoned hunter and outdoor writer with over a decade spent exploring the American backcountry, I’ve spent countless hours pursuing coyotes. Choosing the best varmint caliber for coyote hunting is a question I get asked constantly. It’s not a simple answer, as the “best” depends heavily on your hunting style, terrain, typical shot distances, and personal preferences. This guide will break down the most effective options, from the popular .223 Remington and .17 HMR to larger calibers like the .243 Winchester and even the .30-06 Springfield, helping you determine the best coyote gun for your needs. We’ll also cover ammunition choices and essential gear to maximize your success.
Coyotes are adaptable and intelligent predators, requiring a well-thought-out approach and the right tools. Before diving into specific calibers, let’s consider what makes a good coyote cartridge. Key factors include:
It’s also important to check your local regulations. Some states have restrictions on caliber or ammunition types allowed for coyote hunting. Always consult your state’s wildlife agency (National Park Service is a good starting point for general information) before heading out.
Let's explore the most popular and effective calibers, starting with the smaller options and moving towards the larger ones.
The .17 HMR and .22 Long Rifle (.22 LR) are often the first calibers many hunters consider. They are affordable, have minimal recoil, and are excellent for close-range varmint hunting. But will a .22 kill a coyote? The answer is…sometimes. A well-placed shot with a .22 LR can be effective, but it requires precise shot placement and isn’t ideal for larger coyotes or longer distances. The .17 HMR, however, is a significant step up.
.17 HMR for Coyotes: This cartridge offers a much flatter trajectory and higher velocity than the .22 LR, making it effective out to 150-200 yards. 17 HMR coyote hunting is popular due to its accuracy and minimal recoil. Best 17 HMR ammo for coyotes includes options like Hornady V-MAX and CCI TSS (Target Shooting Suppressor) for optimal performance. However, it’s crucial to understand its limitations – it’s not the best choice for consistently taking down larger, tougher coyotes at longer ranges.
.22 LR for Coyotes: While capable, the .22 LR is best reserved for very close-range shots (under 75 yards) and requires exceptional marksmanship. It’s a good option for introducing new hunters to the sport, but not the best round for coyote hunting if you’re looking for consistent results.
These centerfire calibers represent the sweet spot for most coyote hunters, offering a balance of accuracy, range, and stopping power. The .223 Remington/5.56 NATO is arguably the most popular choice, followed closely by the .243 Winchester.
.223 Remington/5.56 NATO: The .223 coyote gun is a staple for a reason. It’s readily available, relatively affordable, and incredibly accurate. Best 223 coyote round options include 55-grain and 62-grain bullets, with the 62-grain often preferred for better wind resistance. An AR for coyote hunting chambered in .223 is a common setup. It’s effective out to 300-400 yards, but heavier bullets (77-grain) can extend that range considerably.
.243 Winchester: The .243 Winchester offers a flatter trajectory and more energy than the .223, making it a great choice for longer-range shots. The 243 - 58 gr vmax for coyotes is a popular combination, delivering excellent accuracy and expansion. It’s effective out to 500 yards and is a good option for hunters who frequently encounter coyotes in open terrain.
6mm Creedmoor: Gaining popularity in recent years, the 6mm Creedmoor offers exceptional long-range performance and accuracy. It’s a bit more expensive than the .223 or .243, but its ballistic advantages are undeniable. It’s a solid choice if you consistently shoot at distances beyond 400 yards.
While not typically considered “varmint” calibers, the .30-06 Springfield and similar larger cartridges can be effective on coyotes, especially at longer ranges. However, they generate significantly more recoil and can cause excessive damage to the pelt.
.30-06 Springfield: The 30 06 for coyote is overkill for most coyote hunting scenarios. While it will certainly kill a coyote, the excessive power can destroy the pelt, reducing its value. It’s best reserved for situations where you might also encounter larger predators like feral hogs.
Beyond the rifle and ammunition, several other pieces of gear are crucial for a successful coyote hunt.
Night hunting for coyotes is incredibly effective, and a good light is paramount. The best predator hunting light will depend on your budget and hunting style. LED lights are the most popular choice, offering long battery life and bright illumination. Consider a light with adjustable brightness settings and the ability to switch between white and green or red filters. Green and red filters are less likely to spook coyotes.
As mentioned earlier, the .17 HMR is a fantastic option for those seeking a low-recoil, accurate cartridge for close to medium-range coyote hunting. Its flat trajectory and high velocity make it easy to learn and use effectively. However, remember its limitations – it’s not the best choice for consistently taking down larger coyotes at longer distances.
The .223 Remington remains the most popular choice for coyote hunters, and for good reason. It’s versatile, accurate, and readily available. With the right ammunition, it’s effective out to 400 yards and beyond.
For coyote hunting with the .17 HMR, look for ammunition designed for varmint control. Hornady V-MAX and CCI TSS are excellent choices, offering reliable expansion and accuracy.
For .223 Remington, 55-grain and 62-grain bullets are popular choices. 62-grain bullets generally offer better wind resistance, while 55-grain bullets can provide a flatter trajectory. Consider brands like Federal, Hornady, and Winchester.
An AR-15 platform is a popular choice for coyote hunting due to its modularity and accuracy. When building an AR for coyote hunting, consider a lightweight barrel, a good trigger, and a quality optic. A 16-inch or 18-inch barrel is a good all-around choice.
While powerful, the 30 06 for coyote is generally not recommended unless you anticipate encountering larger predators as well. The excessive power can damage the pelt and is often unnecessary for coyotes.
Ultimately, the best varmint caliber for you will depend on your individual needs and preferences. I encourage you to research different options, talk to experienced hunters, and practice with your chosen caliber to ensure you’re confident and accurate. Remember to always prioritize ethical hunting practices and respect the wildlife you pursue. For more information on responsible hunting, check out resources from Leave No Trace and the USDA Forest Service.